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What are the drugs that treat HIV?

Date: 2022/11/21

Treatment for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infections has advanced mightily in the decades since the global pandemic in the 1980s, but there is still no cure. That means people with the infection must stay on antiviral therapy for their entire lives to stave off AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). AIDS is the condition in which the HIV overwhelms the body’s immune system, leaving the infected person vulnerable to opportunistic bacteria, fungi, and cancers that eventually kill them.

HIV

There is no evidence people infected with HIV can currently be cured. In general, those who are treated for years and are repeatedly found to have no virus in their blood by standard viral load assays will experience a prompt rebound in the amount of virus when therapy is discontinued. Consequently, the decision to start therapy must balance the risks versus the benefits of treatment. The risks of therapy include the short- and long-term side effects of the drugs, described in subsequent sections, as well as the possibility that the virus will become resistant to the therapy, which can limit options for future treatment. The risks of both of these problems are quite small with the treatment options currently available.

Still, it’s important to know the potential side effects of all the drugs you take, as well as potential drug interactions. All of the NNRTIs (nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors), for example, are associated with important drug-drug interactions so they must be used with caution in patients on other medications. The following is a list of the standard treatment medication classes used in managing HIV:

-nucleoside and nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

-nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

-protease inhibitors

-fusion inhibitors

-CCR5 antagonists

-integrase strand transfer inhibitors, and

-entry inhibitors


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